A terribly strange Bed Essay Example for Free

A terribly strange Bed Essay Therefore they are encouraged to read further on. The things, such as chill wind, affect the readers touch sense. All of the senses are appealed to, and therefore the readers are able to feel more involved and believe they are included in the mystery. The 1st person narrative is important in this story because although we have been slightly detached from the story we are not directly involved in the actions but are more of a spectator of the events. We automatically begin to piece together the pieces of the mystery rather than getting involved in the story. We only get the viewpoint of Watson describing Holmes and Helens experience. It is not narrated by a protagonist but by a neutral to the story having no reason to lie or exaggerate as he plays such a small part in the plot. A terribly strange bed is the same genre as the speckled band but Wilkie Collins creates suspense differently to Conan Doyle, for one the main protagonist writes the story and describes his own feelings of whats going on, so we may get a slightly more exaggerated storyline to what actually happened but this just adds to the excitement and tension, also there will be no important information missed out. Wilkie Collins creates tension differently by using MFs naivety of the back streets of Paris to play with the audiences mind, they will be shouting at him to not do what hes doing but because he not street wise he thinks he can go to these casinos and not be in an danger whatsoever. Let us go somewhere where we can see a little poverty stricken gambling He doesnt understand the implications of going to such a place. MF is the perfect victim in this story he is young, rich and also drunk at the time he is gambling, it would be easy for someone like the French soldier to get him under false pretence and then rob him of all his winnings. One of the main differences between these two stories is that in Wilkie Collins story we dont suspect a thing until three quarters into the story, we know that he is susceptible to such doings but we have to suspicion because of how nice everyone is being, its not until the nurse makes the mistake of putting to much sleeping drugs into the coffee that keeps MF awake, we realize the full extent of whats happening to him, we relive the crime as its happening whereas in Conan Doyles story. The crime has already happened an Holmes is trying to solve it therefore it is necessary for him to use a person who is not involved in the story to be a Narrator whereas if Wilkie Collins did this then the story would be a complete failure because we would know he survives, yes there would be an adventure but it wouldnt grab the audiences attention and they wouldnt feel involved in the story. Therefore I think both authors go about creating mystery and tension the best possible way because if they swapped round and Holmes was telling the story then the audience wouldnt want to get involved and the same with a terribly Strange bed Both authors create suspense in their own way that in my opinion are as effective as each other but I felt more eager to turn over the page in The Speckled Band. Also the description of the setting is successful in creating the most suspense, as the use of darkness suggests something is going to happen. We dont find out a lot about the setting in A Terribly Strange Bed but it his little relevance to the story. Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Arthur Conan Doyle section.

Cognitive Development in Infants Essay -- Child Development

This paper is going to carry out a literature review on cognitive development in infants. The paper will review cognitive development in infants at different stages. Effects of early experience on mental development in infants will also be discussed. The research question and the hypothesis of the research will also be given. Keywords: infants, development, experience Cognitive Development in Infants Introduction Advancement made in regard to cognitive neuroscience has enabled a better understanding of the cognitive processes in infants. Studies have indicated that cognitive development in infants starts before they are born. In the eighth week of pregnancy, fetuses have the ability to hear. They become accustomed to their mothers’ voice and voices of close family members, fetuses also have the ability of listening to music. After they are born, millions of neurons interconnect in their brain, which enable them to think and learn. Scientists have established that experiences of infants in terms of touch, sight and perception in the first years of their existence, has the potential of affecting their brain development in the later years (Goswami, 1993, p. 157). This literature review is going to examine cognitive development in infants and how early experiences affects cognitive development. Cognitive Development in Infants Cognitive development is a term used to refer to the process through which infants or children develop language, thinks, gain knowledge, and solve problems. For example, when infants identify colors or differentiate things, they are performing cognitive tasks. Infants normally learn through interactions with objects and people, in addition to their senses. When infants interact with their world and ... ...ackwell handbook of childhood cognitive development. Malden, MA: Blackwell Pub. Goswami, U. (1993). Cognitive development: the learning brain. Hove, East Sussex: Psychology Press. Galton Institute. (2001). Perceptual cognitive development. Los Angeles, CA: Galton Institute. Gauvain, M. (2006). The social context of cognitive development. New York, NY: Guilford Press. Nelson, K. (2001). Language in cognitive development: emergence of the mediated mind. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge Univ. Press. Oakley, L. (2004). Cognitive Development. New York, NY: Routledge. Ruffin, N. J. (2009). Understanding Growth and Development Patterns of Infants. Virginia Cooperative Extension. Retrieved April, 17, 2012 http://pubs.ext.vt.edu/350/350-053/350-053.html Wachs, T. D., & Gruen, G. E. (2006). Early experience and human development. New York, NY: Plenum Pr.

The lost princess

The room was damp and cold, cold with marks of water dripping down the unhomely painted walls. The paving slabs were freezing and impersonally decorated, there were no carpets covering them. There was no life nor humanity in the semidark chamber. There was no door nor curtains on the tiny window that looked on to the north, making the room even more dark and mysterious. It was unhomely and unlived. No one entered the freezing cube that composed the enchanted, shadowed lodging. It was empty of life even though the passage outside was full of it. The place was avoided by everyone. It had such a sense of emptiness†¦ When the threshold was crossed, a wave of uncontrollable panic entered into the intruders heart. The floor boards under the feet felt as cold as ice, sharpening the freezing terror. The walls were clammy, you couldn't lean on them†¦ It smelt damp. The air entered your throat and cut it like a knife. It felt dry and it was hard to swallow. The fear crept into your heart slowly but unceasingly and made its self bigger and stronger, petrifying you completely. It was like a serpents venom, spreading through your blood paralysing you vein by vein, artery by artery†¦ She entered the poisoned room. No sound was to be heard except for the faint drip, drip of water on the floor. For the first time in the room's history, it all failed. She laughed. It was a delightful laugh. The type you hear when a child is hugged by her mother. She frowned as the echo slowly returned to her. She felt a sudden warmth around her. She noticed that the floor was now covered in thick Indian carpets. It all felt cosy and warm under her small feet. She moved with the glamour and gentleness of a deer, so delicate and fragile†¦ There was a lovely scent all over the room. It was like someone had opened a bottle of the loveliest perfume and let it mix with the air. It smelt of the finest vanilla. Looking out of the window you could see the source of that magnificent smell. There was a small garden full of small vanilla plants, starting to bloom in the night's cold air. The room was now painted in the finest violet. The walls had stopped the dripping and sweating, and instead of the faint drip, drip you could hear a small bird tweeting in a tiny cage at the far end of the room. Soon she felt sleepy and noticed a current of warm air picking her up and carrying her to a cosy four-poster. There she slept for hours and hours†¦ As she slept the walls started to drip again soaking the silk carpets and returning the room to its old state to such an extent, that after a few minutes only the four-poster stood in the middle of the icy room. There was no sign of the tiny princess. Instead there was a little deer skipping and hopping under the moonlight in a garden full of tiny vanilla flowers.

Camille Va Nager Easy French-English Bilingual Story

Come along for a swim in the brisk waters  of Brittany! Practice your beach related French vocabulary in context with this simple and easy to understand story.   Come Swim With Me! Moi, j’aime vraiment nager, et je ​nage longtemps et loin.  « La plage de Kerdreiz  » à   Paimpol est sur la baie de Paimpol, donc elle trà ¨s protà ©gà ©e et il n’y a pas de courant et peu de  vagues. Je nage toujours le long de la cà ´te, pas loin des rochers ou d’une plage, donc ce n’est pas dangereux ; je ne risque pas de me noyer. As far as Im concerned, I really do like swimming, and I swim for a long time, and far. Kerdreizs beach in Paimpol is on the Paimpols bay side, so its very protected and there is no currents nor waves. I always swim alongside the coast, not far from the rocks, so its not dangerous: I dont risk drowning. Swimming Vocabulary In French Quand  je pars  nager, je prends mes palmes, mon sac à ©tanche et quelques-fois mon masque et mon tuba ; mà ªme s’il n’y a pas beaucoup de poissons, j’aime bien regarder les algues... En gà ©nà ©ral, je cours jusqu’à    « la pointe de Guilben  », une trà ¨s jolie pà ©ninsule qui est au bout de la baie de Paimpol. C’est trà ¨s joli là  -bas : il y a une belle vue sur les à ®les au large de Paimpol, il y a des pins, des rochers... C’est calme et sauvage. When I leave to swim, I take my flippers, my waterproof bag, and sometimes my mask and snorkel; even if there arent that many fishes, I like to watch the seaweeds†¦ In general, I jog till   Guilbens Point, a very pretty peninsula located at the very end of Paimpols bay. Its very pretty over there: there is a beautiful view of the island next to Paimpol, there are some pine trees, boulders†¦ its calm and wild. Swimming in Brittany France Quand j’arrive à   la petite crique de  « la pointe de Guilben  », je retire mes và ªtements de jogging et mes baskets, et  je les mets  dans mon sac à ©tanche. Je rentre vite dans l’eau (l’eau à   Paimpol est assez froide...) et j’attache mon sac à   la bretelle de mon haut de maillot-de-bain. C’est trà ¨s pratique : le sac flotte à   cà ´tà © de moi et il fait comme un ballon qui signale ma prà ©sence, et il garde aussi toutes mes affaires bien sà ¨ches !   When I reach the small creek at Guilbens point, I take off my jogging clothes and my running shoes, and place them in my waterproof bag. I quickly go in the water (Paimpols water is quite cold†¦) and I tie my bag to the strap of my bathing suit top. Its very practical: the bag float by my side and acts like a balloon which signals where I am, and also keep all my stuff neatly dry! Pendant que je nage, j’admire le paysage, les mouettes et autres oiseaux de mer, et je regarde aussi sous l’eau, les algues et la belle couleur de l’eau. L’eau est gà ©nà ©ralement à ©meraude, c’est magnifique. Je me concentre sur ma respiration, sur mes mouvements : c’est de la mà ©ditation aquatique !! While I swim, I admire the landscape, the  seagulls  and other sea birds, and I also look under water, the seaweeds and the beautiful color of the sea. The water is usually emerald green, its gorgeous. I concentrate on my breathing, on my moves: its aquatic meditating! Swimming in the French Sea Je nage comme à §a du mois de mai au mois de novembre, et  je pourrais  nager plus longtemps mais je n’aime pas mettre de combinaison de plongà ©e. Et l’eau bretonne devient trop froide en hiver. Entre la  mà ©tà ©o, la tempà ©rature de l’eau et les marà ©es (les marà ©es sont trà ¨s fortes en Bretagne : il n’y a pas d’eau à   marà ©e basse dans la baie de Paimpol), et mes cours de franà §ais par tà ©là ©phone, ce n’est pas toujours facile d’aller nager !! I swim this way from the month of May till the month of October, and I could swim later but I dont like to wear a  wet suit. And the  breton  waters become too cold in winter. Between the weather forecast, the water temperature, and the tides (the tides are very strong in Brittany: there is no water at low tide in Paimpols bay area), and my French lessons by phone, its not always easy to go swim! Life is Beautiful - La Vie Est Belle Enfin,  quand  je  peux,  je  nage  environ 1,5 kilomà ¨tres jusqu’à    « la plage de  Kerdreiz  Ã‚ ». Arrivà ©e  Ãƒ   la plage,  je  sors  de  l’eau,  je  sors  ma  serviette  de mon  sac à ©tanche et  je  me sà ¨che et si  j’ai  le temps,  je  prends  un bain de  soleil. Et  puis  je  me  rhabille, et  je  rentre  Ãƒ   pied chez  moi. C’est la belle vie :-) Anyway, when I can, I swim about 1 mile to Kerdreizs  beach. Once I am on the beach, I get out of the water, take my towel out of my waterproof bag and dry myself up, and if I have enough time, I take the sun. Then I put my clothes back  on,  and walk back home. Its a good life!

We Are Exposed American Culture And Society - 1337 Words

In Allen Ginsberg’s poem, Howl, we are exposed American culture and society in the 1940s-50s through the narrator’s eyes. According to the narrator, the society looks down upon those who don’t conform to its rules and culture. This materialistic and militaristic culture had destroyed and drove them with â€Å"madness† and starved with â€Å"hysterical naked† looking for â€Å"an angry fix†. Just like the title suggest, this poem is a loud cry for the generation oppressed by the conformed American society that didn’t value artistic creativity. He openly describes and discusses his experiences in drug uses and involvement in various of unusual incidents and how they could be associated with the search of spiritual/ religious madness. Right away, we get a religious sense from this poem through the words like â€Å"angel headed hipsters†, â€Å"heavenly connection† and â€Å"Mohammedan angels†. Ginsberg uses differen t religious/spiritual imagery and implication to portray the oppression his generation face. He calls for change in the current political and social system of his time. The poem begins with Ginsberg stating that he â€Å"saw the best minds of his generation destroyed by madness, starving hysterical naked, dragging themselves through the Negro street at dawn looking for an angry fix, angel headed hipster burning for the ancient heavenly connection to the starry dynamo in the machinery of night† (Ginsberg Line 1.) These â€Å"best minds† have been ostracized by society for their opposition to conform toShow MoreRelatedAnthropology-Culture and Globalization1572 Words   |  7 Pagesthroughout our readings, lectures, videos, and textbook we learn the effects of globalization on the different nations we studied. I often felt sad for these nations because we were encouraging them to practice our traditions and therefore their personal identities and culture were lost. 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Culture is defined as â⠂¬Å"the customs, arts, social institutions, and achievements of a particular nation, people, or other social group†, according to The Oxford Dictionary, and can be separated into two specific classifications known as normative and subjective culture. Normative culture is â€Å"the connecting beliefs, values, tradition, economy, political and social institutions, artistic expressions and collectiveRead MoreThe Medias Impossible Value Of Body Image1332 Words   |  6 Pageswomen go through puberty, they begin to mature both physically and emotionally. Particularly, women begin to gain weight when they undergo puberty. Throughout their adolescence, women are exposed to harsh opinions others have on their bodies and how they should carry themselves. Most importantly, women are exposed to society’s values through the use of media. Women begin to value their body image and force themselves to conform to society’s idea of the â€Å"perfect body†. 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Synthesis Of Some Novel Pyrido Essay - 1556 Words

Synthesis of some novel Pyrido [2, 3-d] pyrimidine derivatives as potential antimicrobial and anticancer agents Mohamed Abd Ellatif Chemistry department, Faculty of science, Damanhour University, Egypt Email: mf_mohanad@yahoo.com mohamedabdellatif@dmu.edu.eg Abstract: The reactions of 2-amino-3-cyano-4.6-diarylpyridines with formic acid, glacial acetic acid, benzoyl chloride, formamide and acetamide afforded 5-(5-substitutedfuran-2-yl)-7-(4-substitutedphenyl)-3H-pyrido[2,3-d] Pyrimidin-4-one , 2-methyl-5-(5-substitutedfuran-2-yl)-7-(4- substituted phenyl)-3H-pyrido[2,3-d] pyrimidin-4-one, 5-(5-substitutedfuran-2-yl)-7-(4-substitutedphenyl)-2-phenyl-3H-pyrido[2,3-d] pyrimidin-4-one, 5-(5-substitutedfuran-2-yl)-7-(4-substituted phenyl)-pyrido[2,3-d] pyrimidin-4-ylamine, 5-(5-substitutedfuran-2-yl)-7-(4-substitutedphenyl)-2-methyl-pyrido[2,3-d] pyrimidin-4-ylamine, respectively. The newly synthesized heterocycles were characterized by elemental analysis, IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and mass spectral data. Compounds have been screened for their antibacterial, antifungal and anticancer activities. Key words: 5-substitutedfuran-2-yl, pyrimidine, Antimicrobial, Anticancer. Introduction: Pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidines derivatives comprise a diverse and interesting group of drugs1,2. Pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidines in general are extremely important for their biological activities. For example, some are antitumour3, antibacterial4, anticonvulsant5, antipyretic6, analgesic7, and CNS

Volunteer Tourism and Cross-Cultural-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Write a Detailed Critical Review of Jornal Artical about Votunteer Tourism and Cross-Cultural. Answer: Introduction The topic revolves around the concepts of volunteer tourism and cross-cultural understanding through the management of volunteer experiences. The concept of volunteer tourism has become popular nowadays, and the individuals within the travel and tourism industry have allowed the individuals to combine the travel and tourism activities with the voluntary work. The volunteer tourism is an effective reciprocal form of tourism that has facilitated the development of cross-cultural activities and enabled understanding among the participants effectively and easily. The journal article presented by Rachel Leigh Wilson has been studied thoroughly for gaining relevant ideas and knowledge regarding proper management of volunteer tourism programs which can reduce the chances of cross-cultural understanding and manage reinforcement of cultural stereotypes with ease and effectiveness[1]. By conducting an Appreciative Inquiry into various volunteer programs, it will be easy to explore new ideas an d concepts and furthermore determine the impact of volunteer tourism on the cultural understanding within the organisation. The findings further can help in ensuring that the cross-cultural understanding development will be perceived as a major objective of the volunteer tourism rather than sending the volunteers outside the country. Following this journal article will also be essential for understanding the vital role played by volunteer tourism in facilitating the accomplishment of goals and objectives through the proactive management and volunteer tourism programmes too. Volunteer tourism According to the journal article presented by Rachel Leigh Wilson, volunteer tourism is an important kind of travel and tourism concept, and it is not a part of the mass tourism and travel. The main purpose of the volunteer tourism is to develop a relationship between the traveller or volunteer and the respective host countries where both of them can be mutually benefited. This new and innovative tourism experience can create a sense of self-awareness and manage cross cultural understanding in a detailed manner to understand the individuals who have participated in the volunteer tourism programs in Singapore[2]. Volunteer tourism is an essential aspect of tourism that not only fosters the development of cross-cultural understanding but also allows the volunteer to gain better self-awareness skills and furthermore determine the level of motivation, expectations, knowledge and other tourism aspects. The voluntourism concept combines both the tourism and volunteering aspects, which is considered as an effective international travel and tourism aspect that can contribute to the sustainable development by adapting to the new culture and country[3]. The voluntourism also makes ways for efficiently managing volunteering work and furthermore allow the volunteers to participate in the tourism and volunteer works at the same time with ease and effectiveness. While working overseas, the majority of volunteers have managed to live p with the local host families for gaining an understanding of the cross-cultural concepts, manage tourism, and travel in an effective manner. The host family would welcome the volunteers to their home and provide them with opportunities to become a part of the community by sharing their everyday lives and customs. The volunteers can also celebrate their birthdays, some occasions with the host families as well while returning from their visit to the country[4]. From the journal article, it could be understood that people could not value what they actually did not understand and thus it would be necessary to gain an understanding of the local components and how those could contribute to the value addition within the travel and tourism industry. The skills that have been gained while sharing knowledge and information could help in managing the environment with travellers and tourists and furthermore understand how the tourism might create an impact on the development of cross-cultural understanding[5]. The volunteer tourism has largely contributed to the sustainable volunteer project and even the implementation of long term development by utilizing the skills, time, resource and energy effectively. This would also provide enough opportunities to managing enhanced learning and allow individuals to gain proper education and furthermore provide support to an entire family as well. The participation in voluntourism can help in contributing to a large extent to the local economy. The volunteers take advantages to go to various locations and do sightseeing and make island tours. There are many countries including Singapore rely heavily on the income generated from travel and tourism and the journal article, it is clearly understood that the volunteers support local businesses[6]. The voluntourism supports the local staffs, which can also provide lots of employment opportunities to the local people and allow them to pursue further training and development sessions to improve their skills, knowledge and expertise level. Cross cultural understanding in volunteer tourism There are differences between the volunteer tourism industry and other tourism forms, and thus it is the responsibility of the volunteers to interact with the local and social communities and contribute to the understanding of the culture that is being volunteered by individuals. The Cross-cultural understanding can help to gain proper understandings of the local culture where all the volunteers are present and gain awareness of the socio-economic, cultural, environmental and local issues which can create a positive or negative impact on the local community. The cross-cultural understanding also helps in making people learn, acknowledge, identify, analyse and interpret situations and conditions for preventing the issues related to a misunderstanding created due to the cultural differences[7]. The volunteers must create an open-minded approach to breaking down the components of previous stereotypes and manage the power assumptions through a cross-cultural understanding with ease and e ffectiveness. According to the journal article, the business organisations within the travel and tourism industry can also foster the development of good relationships between the host countries and volunteers through a better understanding of knowledge before travel. This would also include critical reflections made on behalf of the motivations of volunteers, understanding of expectations and provide reflections based on the travel and tourism experiences as well[8]. The volunteers of travel and tourism must also try to prevent misunderstanding or misinterpretation of the contribution made by the host communities to the experiences, skills and knowledge of volunteers. The cross-cultural understanding can also disseminate or disperse the various stereotypes and assumptions of power distributed between the developing and developed nations by gaining a thorough understanding of the experiences and skills based on cross-cultural understanding[9]. Volunteer travel and tourism have been rising among the Singapore based travellers and tourists nowadays. According to various surveys, it was seen that many of the travellers preferred the charitable work in Singapore as well as working aboard. Voluntourism has also managed to conduct a proper research on the organisation, which has been considered while travelling with. The vast amount of Experience, sustainability, financial roles and responsibilities are the important components for running programs and benefit the population positively[10]. Various theories and concepts Hofstede Cultural Dimensions theory One of the major theories of cross-cultural understanding through volunteering experience could be the Hofstede Cultural dimensions theory. This kind of effective theory acts as a framework for managing cross-cultural communication and determine the impacts created by the culture within the society based on the values of members, values related to the behaviours and structure associated with the factor analysis too[11]. The Hofstede cultural dimension theory utilizes the factor analysis for evaluating the outcomes by a survey of employee values and work on the four dimensions of culture including the individualism, collectivism, uncertainty avoidance, power index and masculinity and femininity. Another additional cultural dimension could be the indulgence versus self-restraint[12]. The Hofstede theory has created a major research for carrying out the cross-cultural activities in an effective way as well as ensures successful international communication and business with ease and effectiveness. It is preferred by many authors of the journal because it is a preferred resource in the cross-cultural fields and enables studying the values, beliefs and other important concepts of cross culture and social beliefs creating an impact on the volunteer tourism[13]. Based on the journal article presented by Frederick, Leon and Arpana Gupta, to manage voluntourism in an effective and easy way, it is important to address issues regarding race, ethnicity, religion, values and styles of international communication. The demographics continue to change from time to time within a diversity, and thus it is essential to open doors for volunteer tourism and enable the tourists and travellers from various parts of the world to travel in global countries and contribute largely to the growth and sustainable development by adapting to the new culture of the country[14]. This would not only make them aware of the values and beliefs of the new place but would help them to explore the new concepts of cross-cultural communication and interact with people of that place by maintaining peace and harmony. The Hofstede cultural dimension theory considered the four major dimensions and analysed the cultures, which are different for the various countries. The power distance index allows the less knowledgeable workers to accept that services have been provided to them unequally. Here the volunteers are the workers who have believed that power distribution is done with discrimination and are not provided equally. The Uncertainty avoidance is another dimension of the Hofstede theory where the volunteers may face issues and even subject to some kind of harm due to certain situations. This can create beliefs among them and allow them to prevent such situations to the utmost level possible[15]. The Individualism vs collectivism dimension of the theory enables the volunteers to look after themselves as well as their families who are immediate. This is the degree to which the individuals within the society have been integrated into the groups while the collectivism represents the relationships built through tightly integrated relationships for gaining proper loyalty and support in case of any emergencies. Here the volunteers working within the travel and tourism industry have considered the travellers and tourists as their immediate families to create trust and loyalty and allow them to purchase the tourism services by adapting to the new culture of the place where they want to travel to. Within the masculine societies, female individuals are more emphatic and competitive, though less emphatic than the male individuals. Thus there is a certain gap between male and females[16]. Here the volunteers of tourism consider the male and female members equally, and they are made aware of the various cross-cultural dimensions before travel and purchase of tourism services. Bennetts Developmental Model of Intercultural Sensitivity Another effective cross-cultural theory or model is the Bennett's Developmental Model of Intercultural Sensitivity, which includes the six stages including the denial, defense, minimisation, acceptance, adaptation and integration. During the first stage, i.e., the denial stage, the tourists refuse to establish communication with people from different cultures and do not focus on the cultural aspects of that country. The volunteers have the roles and responsibilities to make them understand the cultural differences and ensure that they can enjoy their travel peacefully[17]. The defense stage allows the individuals to take into consideration the cultures that are inferior to their own culture and this results in creating criticism. The volunteers of tourism and travel must make them understand to respect every culture and consider the values and beliefs of that different culture as well. The minimisation phase allows for reducing the criticism and make individuals respect every culture and believe that these cultures share common values, which can further help in preventing the cultural differences too[18]. The acceptance stage is needed to be maintained for making the volunteers of tourism to understand the cultural differences and even allow them to learn those properly. This would further help them to adopt the new culture of that place and get accustomed with the behaviours and attitudes of people with ease and effectiveness. The integration stage is accomplished by making the individuals achieve long term goals and objectives and manage changes in their behaviours and styles during communication with individuals belonging from a different culture.[19] Conclusion Based on the journal article, few authors such as Hammersley explored the concepts of cross-cultural understanding by creating a systematic method of self-reflection and knowledge about the community, host countries and culture that would be adopted by the volunteers. This would contribute to the successful accomplishment of voluntourism and furthermore facilitate greater knowledge and understanding prior to the travel and tourism activities managed by the volunteers. While managing the voluntourism activities, it is necessary for the volunteers to understand the different culture and create enough scopes and opportunities for sustaining within the business environment with ease. The different theories and models related to cross cultural activities had also been illustrated here along with the other aspects of volunteer tourism for deriving a good conclusion in the end. References Blackman, D, A Benson, "The Role of the Psychological Contract in Managing Research Volunteer Tourism.". inJournal of Travel Tourism Marketing, 27, 2010, 221-235. Brumbaugh, A, "The Impact of Diversity Seeking and Volunteer Orientation on Desire for Alternative Spring Break Programs.". inJournal of Travel Tourism Marketing, 27, 2010, 474-490. Burrai, E, X Font, J Cochrane, "Destination Stakeholders' Perceptions of Volunteer Tourism: An Equity Theory Approach.". inInternational Journal of Tourism Research, 17, 2014, 451-459. 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