The Factors That Necessitate And Influence The Teaching Of...

In this article, Weiqiang Mao (2009) examines the factors that necessitate and influence the teaching of culture in EFL classrooms. Though the focus is on English language classes in China, I believe the core message can be applied to second language classes anywhere. The EFL community now acknowledges the importance of culture, however, it’s presence in the curriculum remains sparse for a number of reasons including â€Å"lack of time, uncertainty about which aspects of culture to teach, and the lack of practical techniques† (Mao, p. 144). Additionally, the majority of language proficiency tests that score and identify students’ abilities are mainly testing for mechanical knowledge and examinees’ skills at sitting for tests, leaving cultural knowledge untouched. The shift in interest in cultural knowledge is due, in large part, to the cultural studies field. There is concern that certain language and cultures are hegemonic powers and the learning of them may lead to the â€Å"loss of cultural identity of the learners through the process of acculturation imposed on them† (Mao, p. 145); cultural studies, however, is focused on breaking down hegemony and fostering a deeper understanding of one’s own culture while learning about others. Having a strong sense of cultural awareness also allows individuals to successfully communicate in their second languages. Possessing the knowledge of how the first language and native culture relates to the second language, or intercultural awareness,Show MoreRelatedDesigning A Atmosphere Of Learning826 Words   |  4 Pagesbeyond the classroom. This task is achieved by considering various factors when creating plans for teaching. Educators, are leaders, fulfilling a position of influence in the community that requires us to act as role models, always displaying moral behavior and setting good examples by creating a brand that demands respect, reflects integrity and draws admiration from all students regardless of age or position. This profession necessitates an attitude of genuine interest in the progress, success and theRead MoreHealth Literacy Is Considered A Motivating Factor Behind Wellness And The Absence Of Disease1531 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction: Health Literacy resides beneath the umbrella of social determinants; aptitude in this form of literacy is a determinant of wellbeing, and influences vulnerabilities and capacities towards disease formation and prevention (Reading Wien, 2009). Health literacy is considered a motivating factor behind wellness and the absence of disease but also for appropriate management with regard to chronic disease with maximisation of outcomes directly attributing to health literacy capacity. Read MoreReview Of Related Literature. There Is A Current Trend1549 Words   |  7 Pagesof it. This is because research is not only a work of an individuals. Educational institutions which aim for a culture in research must also raise, encourage and uphold the work done by the staff. This can be done through distributing workloads, creating an environment conducive for research work, appropriate incentives and many others (Hanover Research, 2014). Research Culture Culture is a way of life by a number of individuals collectively. Typically, those who only pursue scholarly work outsideRead MoreAfrican American Students And Special Education923 Words   |  4 Pageseducation, the main goal is for all students to receive an equal and optimal opportunity for success, which also includes students with special needs. To ensure this aim is reached, schools ought to have measures in place to establish students who necessitate special education services to achieve and progress in their schooling. Contradictory to this idea, nonetheless, learners are inaccurately referred for special education placement. The process begins to become questionable when it happens recurrentlyRead MoreAmin Maalouf Utilizes Language and Religion in Leo Africanus Essay example670 Words   |  3 Pagestheir have been numerous accounts on which the Muslim culture has been accused of violating human rights, abusing ethical principles and even Terrorism through a religious Jiha d. For this blatant reason, one is able to praise such a book which successfully attempts to convey the hardships of Western influence in terms of war and religion. Maalouf utilizes Language and Religion in order to shed light and give an insight in to the Muslim culture whilst indirectly defying stereo types of the west. InRead MoreLibya is an Arab nation located in North Africa bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north,1700 Words   |  7 PagesLibya is an Arab nation located in North Africa bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, Chad and Niger to the south, Egypt to the east, and Algeria and Tunisia to the west (UNESCO, 2014). With a populace well over six million, the Libyan culture is 97% Berber and Arab Muslims with the remaining 3% consisting of an assortment of Greeks, Italians, Turks, Egyptians, Maltese, Indians, Pakistanis, and Tunisians that have various religious and cultural practices (UNESCO, 2014). With Islam asRead MoreThe Impact Of The Gnostic Move ment On The Way Of Looking At The World Essay1650 Words   |  7 PagesChristian movement; however, many of the elements are not associated with the current practises of Christianity. However, the underlying belief in a single and absolute higher power remains. In this essay, I will argue that Gnosticism was originally a key factor in the Christian movement, which in turn contributed to the spread of Christianity throughout the world, yet it does not necessarily define the modern view of Christianity, particularly so with regard to the modern missionary movement as comparedRead MoreNursing Metaparadigm1146 Words   |  5 Pagespatient to resist external stress causing factors. Leiningers theory has been achieved through maintaining culture, and diversity preservation of culture health care it has been used to maintain health and recover from illness. Influence to the models Nightingales theory has been influenced by unsanitary conditions, which can cause health hazards in the environment. Roys model is influenced by the fact that human stimuli can respond to external factors, and can be combined to achieve health.Read MoreLearners Autonomy and Independence in Language Learning Essay1222 Words   |  5 PagesLately, the concepts of learner autonomy and independence had become important concepts in the area of teaching. The former has become a ‘vogue word’ within the context of linguistic communication learning. Autonomous learning is a technical jargon in education which means accepting responsibility and demanding charge of one’s own scholarship. There are many different learning schemes and factors that contribute to the achievement of learner independence as well. According to Sinclair (2001), learningRead MoreA Study On Teaching And Learning Concept1576 Words   |  7 PagesTeaching/Learning Concept There is some debate about whether great teachers are born or made. Parker Palmer believed that it is â€Å"the human heart†¦ [not] technique†, which is the source of a good teacher (Penn, 2008, p. 22). Contrarily, a study done by Dr. Sean Ruday Dr. Peter Wiens for the journal Issues in Teacher Education, found that specific innate personality traits were not necessary to be a good teacher, rather engaging and relevant work and structure and organization (Longwood University

Welfare Reform in the United States

Welfare reform is the term used to describe the U.S. federal government’s laws and policies intended to improve the nation’s social welfare programs. In general, the goal of welfare reform is to reduce the number of individuals or families that depend on government assistance programs like food stamps and TANF and help those recipients become self-sufficient. From the Great Depression of the 1930s, until 1996, welfare in the United States consisted of little more than guaranteed cash payments to the poor. Monthly benefits -- uniform from state to state -- were paid to poor persons -- mainly mothers and children -- regardless of their ability to work, assets on hand or other personal circumstances. There were no time limits on the payments, and it was not unusual for people to remain on welfare for their entire lives. By the 1990s, public opinion had turned strongly against the old welfare system. Offering no incentive for recipients to seek employment, the welfare rolls were exploding, and the system was viewed as rewarding and actually perpetuating, rather than reducing poverty in the United States. The Welfare Reform Act The Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 -- A.K.A. The Welfare Reform Act -- represents the federal governments attempt to reform the welfare system by encouraging recipients to leave welfare and go to work, and by turning over primary responsibility for administering the welfare system to the states. Under the Welfare Reform Act, the following rules apply: Most recipients are required to find jobs within two years of first receiving welfare payments.Most recipients are allowed to receive welfare payments for a total of no more than five years.The states are allowed to establish family caps that prevent mothers of babies born while the mother is already on welfare from receiving additional benefits. Since enactment of the Welfare Reform Act, the role of the federal government in public assistance has become limited to overall goal-setting and setting performance rewards and penalties. States Take Over Daily Welfare Operations It is now up to states and counties to establish and administer welfare programs they believe will best serve their poor while operating within the broad federal guidelines. Funds for welfare programs are now given to the states in the form of block grants, and the states have much more latitude in deciding how the funds will be allocated among their various welfare programs. State and county welfare caseworkers are now tasked with making difficult, often subjective decisions involving welfare recipients qualifications to receive benefits and ability to work. As a result, the basic operation of the nations welfare system can vary widely from state to state. Critics argue that this causes poor people who have no intention of ever getting off of welfare to migrate to states or counties in which the welfare system is less restrictive. Has Welfare Reform Worked? According to the independent Brookings Institute, the national welfare caseload declined about 60 percent between 1994 and 2004, and the percentage of U.S. children on welfare is now lower than it has been since at least 1970. In addition, Census Bureau data show that between 1993 and 2000, the percentage of low-income, single mothers with a job grew from 58 percent to nearly 75 percent, an increase of almost 30 percent. In summary, the Brookings Institute states, Clearly, federal social policy requiring work backed by sanctions and time limits while granting states the flexibility to design their own work programs produced better results than the previous policy of providing welfare benefits while expecting little in return. Welfare Programs in the United States Today There are currently six major welfare programs in the United States. These are: Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF)MedicaidSupplemental Nutrition Assistance Programs (SNAP) or Food StampsSupplemental Security Income (SSI)Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC)Housing Assistance All of these programs are funded by the federal government and administered by the states. Some states provide additional funds. The level of federal funding for welfare programs is adjusted annually by Congress. On April 10, 2018, President Donald Trump signed an executive order directing federal agencies to review work requirements for the SNAP food stamp program. In most states, SNAP recipients must now find a job within three months or lose their benefits. They must work at least 80 hours a month or participate in a job training program. In July 2019, the Trump Administration proposed a change to the rules governing who is eligible for food stamps. Under the proposed rule changes, the U.S. Department of Agriculture has estimated that more than three million people in the 39 states would lose benefits under the proposed change. Critics say the proposed changes will be â€Å"detrimental to the health and well-being† of those affected, and â€Å"further exacerbate existing health disparities by forcing millions into food insecurity.†

Ethical Dilemma On Randomized Clinical Trials - 1300 Words

Ethical Dilemma on Randomized Clinical Trial Randomized clinical trial (RCT) is the most effective way of conducting research on the efficacy and safety of newly developed drugs and medical treatment for public consumption. Like most experiments, there are usually two groups in conducting an RCT: the placebo group and experimental group. In the placebo group, the subjects receive a placebo drug or a drug that is already available and is used to treat a particular disease and in the treatment group, the subject receives the newly developed drug or treatment. However, in the RCT, the subjects that agreed to participate in the clinical trial are randomly assigned in either placebo or experimental group in order to eliminate observer bias and distribute the subjects’ variables evenly on all groups. Furthermore, RCT is either single-blinded or double-blinded. In single blinded RCT, the subjects cannot know if they are placed on placebo or experiment group. Moreover, the subject can not know anything about the progress of the trial. As for the double-blinded RCT, both the subject and the physician-scientists who are conducting the trial do not know which subject are in which group and whether a particular treatment’s progress. According to the Hellmans, because of the nature of RCT, physician-scientists are placed in a serious ethical bind that it poses to physician-scientists, therefore, we should abandon this practice altogether. In order to explain how this ethical dilemmaShow MoreRelatedEvaluation Of A Research Design1601 Words   |  7 Pagesstudies †¢ Numerous human characteristics are inherently not subject to experimental manipulation( e.g. blood type, personality, health beliefs, medical diagnosis) †¢ There are many variable that could technically be manipulated, but is forbidden on ethical grounds Disadvantages of nonexperimental research design: †¢ The result obtained and the relationship between the dependent and independent variable can never be absolutely clear and error free. †¢ Nonexperimental studies are conducted for comparativeRead MoreIs It The Right Decision For Withhold Experimental Drug Therapy?1763 Words   |  8 PagesDilemma: Was it the right decision to withhold experimental drug PLX4032 from Mr. Ryan for the sake of following protocol and not tainting the trial’s results, even though standard chemotherapy was ineffective? Assignment 4 (I need a title) The story of Thomas McLaughlin and Brandon Ryan is of a path that suddenly diverged with a roll of a dice. As cousins, not only did they share a life together by riding dirt bikes in the summer, spending holidays together at their grandmother’s house, and evenRead MoreAnalysis of an Ethical Dilemma1435 Words   |  6 PagesUnethical Marketing of Medical and Pharmaceutical Products-Part Two Tamara Floyd Sherome Graham Frances Kadambi Viviene Smith Grand Canyon University: NRS 437V Ethical Decision Making in Healthcare October 20th, 2013 Unethical Marketing of Medical and Pharmaceutical Products Part Two The pharmaceutical industry along with the manufacturers of healthcare products and technologies often encourage the misappropriation and distribution of marginally beneficial products and technologies in theRead MoreClinical Research Past and Present6962 Words   |  28 PagesClinical Research Past and Present Tina Ross-Cruz Abstract Research disasters have been noted for years. In the early years, the reasons for these disasters was that there were no regulations governing the protection of human beings; and there were no guidelines for safety and efficacy of a new medication or treatment prior to the use in humans. Now regulations and guidelines are in effect for the protection of human subjects. These guidelines and regulations also protect the researchersRead MoreClinical Trials Evaluation And Treatment Of Her2 Overexpressing Metastatic Breast Cancer3793 Words   |  16 PagesTanzir Mortuza PHAR 7100 Project 2 Clinical Trial Evaluation Primary Article: Vogel, Charles L., et al. Efficacy and safety of trastuzumab as a single agent in first-line treatment of HER2-overexpressing metastatic breast cancer. Journal of Clinical Oncology 20.3 (2002): 719-726. 1.0 Introduction: Breast cancer is the most diagnosed cancer in the US for women (http://www.breastcancer.org/symptoms/understand_bc/statistics). Even though the diagnosis and treatment of this condition has improved dynamicallyRead More Alzheimers Disease and Research: Ethical Concerns Essay1904 Words   |  8 PagesCan patients with Alzheimer’s disease participate in clinical research? Theoretically, two radically opposite views regarding this issue can be posited. The first one, which is rather â€Å"conservative† could, in principle, argue that because of pervasive cognitive impairments AD patients are vulnerable and not capable of giving informed consent with a similar degree of responsibility as that of healthy individuals. When a surrogate’s decision is required for participation in research, this decisionRead MoreNurse Family Partnership : A Community Health Based Home Visiting Program1491 Words   |  6 Pagesand their mothers at home. This led to the creation of the p rogram which made use of nurses for home visitation purposes for first time low income mothers. He subsequently tested the program over the next three decades through the use of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) in Elmira, New York, in 1977; Memphis, Tennessee, in 1988; and Denver, Colorado, in 1994 with different populations; White, Black and Hispanic populations respectively. The use of RCT over the years helped to test effectiveness ofRead MoreThe Placebo Effect Succeeds As A Legitimate Treatment2395 Words   |  10 Pagesperfectly legal for a doctor to prescribe a placebo, however depending on the condition determines ethicality or not. Initially placebos were invented as an inert substance that was not supposed to be used in clinical medicine. Placebos have typically been tested in numerous clinical trials as a control group to austerely justify that a drug is modestly lucrative. Brain activity has been recorded in response to a placebo, showing some results of thrive. It has also been proven that placebo stimulatesRead MoreTranslational Research for Practice and Populations2952 Words   |  12 PagesConde-Agudelo, Belizan, J. Diaz-Rossello, J. (2014) Kangaroo Mother Care to Reduce Morbidity and Mortality in Low Birthweight Infants. Cochrane Neonatal Group. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD002771. Pub 2. | Evidence Strength2Evidence Hierarchy:Randomized Clinical Trial | Moore ER, Anderson GC, Bergman N, Dowswell T. Early skin-to-skin contact for mothers and their healthy newborn infants. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2012, Issue 5. Art. No.: CD003519. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD003519.pub3 | EvidenceRead MoreAnalytical Paper Evaluation : Heart Failure Essay1788 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.3 Importance†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...3 †¢ Affected individual†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..3 †¢ Members of the Family†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...4 †¢ Members of the Global Community†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦.5 †¢ Ethical Considerations†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦5 Interrelationships†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..5 †¢ Nursing†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.5 †¢ Philosophy, Theory and Research†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦....6 †¢ Current Practice†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦....7 Reference

Taylor and Friedman

Question: Discuss about the Taylor and Friedman. Answer: The video Ford and Taylor scientific management opens with the story of Vulcan Motor Company Limited in the United Kingdom. The workers in the company manufactured cars using slow and unscientific ways that took weeks to manufacture cars. The production process was costly which added to the high cost of the cars. Only the rich people who could buy those costly cars and they were looked upon as status symbols. The founder of Ford Motor Company, Henry Ford was influenced by the scientific management of production methods of Fredrick Taylor(Ford.com 2017). He introduced the system of assembly line to manufacture cars. The cars passed from one point of the line to the next where the workers worked on them. Henry Ford believed that vertical integration of assembly would bring about faster and innovative integration of several parts (Argyres and Mostafa 2016). He prevented all sorts of trade union interference to ensure uninterrupted production and efficient management of the employees. Th e workers faced problems while working on the newly introduced automatic production system and some of them left the job. Henry Ford in order to motivate the employees and to ensure smooth production increased the wages. This scientific management proposed by Taylor and adopted by Ford spread into the other automobile companies. It became famous even in the European countries like Germany and led to foundation of systems like Diversified Quality Production or DQP (Sorge and Streeck 2016). The scientific management at Fords also found mention when David Moore, a Ford Foundry worker was interviewed. Section 2: The workers in Australia, Europe and America should adopt Taylorism and Fords style of working. Today every organisation has to compete with strong competitors which demands them to produce goods in high numbers and at cheaper costs. Taylorism stresses on scientific management of the resources like human resources and machinery. Even today there are millions of manufacturers in Europe, Australia and America who work in the small scale industry. These industries produce goods using manual labour (Uhl 2016). Application of Taylorism will help these factories to increase their production which will increase the efficiency of the workers. Taylorism is applied in the scripts of the call centres all over the world. The scripts are designed to adapt to needs of the customer on the other side of the line. The script may be digital or be in a hard copy. The scripts contain questions which the telephonic callers use to communicate with the consumer using computer or telephone lines. The process is systematically controlled and the calls are distributed automatically. The video tells stories which are aged around hundreds of years back and today most consider the Fords techniques outdated. This may be true for the multinational companies which keeping on innovating their production processes. However, there are many poor countries use unscientific methods of production. For example, the construction industries in the poor countries of South Asia lack modern technology used in the developed economy in civil construction. These construction processes in these countries should adopt Taylorism to increase to increase the pace of production (Amjad et al. 2015). They should also scientifically manage their resources and labour to ensure that the production can be done within shorter time. This will increase the efficiency, production and economies of scale which will lead of increase in GDP. Week 2 Activity 1: Section 1: Thomas Friedman in his first oration spoke about three eras of globalisation and their effects on the world. The first era was about global arbitrage and shrank the world from large to medium. The second was characterised by colonisation of various parts of the world by industrialized nations like Britain and Spain. This colonisation made the size of the appear even smaller. The next stage of globalisation led to companies exploring new markets and spreading their operations into other countries. The final stage of globalisation is the empowerment of individual to communicate with the world and carry out transactions. The second oration has the orator and friend discover environment friendly dishes in Peru which the latter promoted and sold in China. Section 2: As Friedman described in his oration that the world has become flat due to globalisation where today individuals have the power to communicate and transact with the world. He also said that if something has to be done will be done because people have to do what they want to do. His speech can also be interpreted that the radical powers like terrorism has gained considerable power using science and technology to operate around the world (Lutz and Lutz 2014). Friedmans iron rule of the flat world suggests that today world business education and drive towards entrepreneurship has empowered the companies to explore new strategic areas of innovation and improvement (Cairns 2014). The level of globalisation is not uniform across the world which is evident from the varying level of advancements and developments in various countries. Some countries like the United States are developed while countries like India and China are future economic giants sharing markets and resources for mutual developments. For example, Ford is an American automobile company which caters to India and even has an India subsidiary in the country (Ford India 2017). There are poor countries like Ethiopia and Nepal who are extremely underdeveloped and are dependent on the richer countries even to meet their basic requirements (Global Finance Magazine 2017). (Appendix 1) Conclusion: The study of the two activities reveals two very important aspects of the flat world. The first aspect is that Taylorism which was adopted by Ford in his factory was responsible for bringing about revolution in the automobile industry around the world. The application may seem outmoded to the multinational companies but there are several factories where Taylorism can be applied to revolutionise their production. The second lesson is that individuals have great responsibility in todays era of globalisation. References: Amjad, R., Chandrasiri, S., Nathan, D., Raihan, S., Verick, S. and Yusuf, A., 2015. What holds back manufacturing in South Asia.Economic and Political Weekly,50(10), pp.36-45. Argyres, N. and Mostafa, R., 2016. Knowledge inheritance, vertical integration, and entrant survival in the early US auto industry.Academy of Management Journal,59(4), pp.1474-1492. Cairns, J., 2014. Contextual disparities in pro-life positions. Ford India. 2017. Home. [online] Available at: https://www.india.ford.com/ [Accessed 13 Apr. 2017]. Ford.com. 2017. Ford Dealers | Locate a Ford Dealer Near You | Ford.com. [online] Available at: https://www.ford.com/dealerships/ [Accessed 13 Apr. 2017]. Global Finance Magazine. 2017. Global Finance Magazine - The Poorest Countries in the World. [online] Available at: https://www.gfmag.com/global-data/economic-data/the-poorest-countries-in-the-world?page=12 [Accessed 13 Apr. 2017]. Lutz, B.J. and Lutz, J.M., 2014. Economic, social and political globalization and terrorism.The Journal of Social, Political, and Economic Studies,39(2), p.186. Pepsico.com. 2017. PepsiCo's Global Websites. [online] Available at: https://www.pepsico.com/Home/GlobalSites [Accessed 13 Apr. 2017]. Sorge, A. and Streeck, W., 2016.Diversified quality production revisited the transformation of production systems and regulatory regimes in Germany(No. 16/13). MPIfG Discussion Paper. Uhl, K., 2016. Work Spaces: From the Early-Modern Workshop to the Modern Factory Workshop and Factory.